Syria's civil war explained from the beginning

Syria or Syria Arab Republic is located in the western part of Asia bordering Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, and Israel. Damascus is the capital of Syria. The population of Syria consists of 87% of Islam, 10% Christianity and 3% Druzism. Sunni Islam (Followers of prophet Muhammad) contributes about 74% of the population and Shia Islam (Followers of Ali ibn Abi Talib) contributes about 13% of the population.

Source: Internet

Formation Of Syria:

In 1946 after the World War II, Syria became independent republic from the French rule, after which the country experienced many coup defeats that have lead the powers to be transferred from army to the civilians at 1958. Later Syria joined with Egypt and formed United Arab Republic Union but it came to an end at 1961 and the presidential rule came into power from then.

Raise Of Supreme Power:

In 1971 Hafez al-Asaad came to the power and became president of Syria, later Hafez passed a new constitution law stating there is no need for President of Syria to be an Islam. This lead to serious riots and where people around 10,000-40,000 were killed in Hama. Several revolts were conducted by Islamists against the government.

After his death, Bashar al-Asaad son of Hafez al-Asaad became the president of Syria. The free market policy was initiated by Hafez al-Azaad and came into implementation in Bashar al-Azaad's period. This policy benefited only the minority population (Shia Muslims) of Syria and people who had a connection with the government. Thus socioeconomic inequalities increased significantly in Syria.

Syria experienced a most intense drought since 2006 which resulted in crop failure increased in food rates and migration of farmers to urban cities. In 2010 the country GDP was low with an annual growth rate of 3.39% and the country faced high youth unemployment rates.

The gathering of more than five people was restricted, it leads to the control of the right of expression, association, and assembly. Women and minorities faced discrimination. Human right authorities were arrested, harassed and tortured by the government.

Formation of Free Syrian Army:

On March 2011 protesters demanded the release of political prisoners and demanded democratic reforms. The open fire was retaliated on the protesters and six people were arrested. The protesters were triggered by the arrest of 15 school children for writing graffiti 

The people want fall of the government

in the city of Daraa. A 13-year-old boy was brutally tortured and killed. The protesters burned the headquarters of Bashar al-Azaad and other buildings which killed the lives of seven policemen and 15 protesters. The protesters demanded change in democratic reforms, the release of political prisoners, increase in freedom, and the abolition of the emergency laws. Then it slowly demanded the end of Bashar al-Asaad rule. The protest began to spread in twenty cities and it resulted in lives of 1,000 civilians, 150 policemen which resulted in the formation of Free Syrian Army. The Free Syrian Army includes rebels fighters, political parties who disagree with Asaad.

The entry of ISIS:

The ISIS found Syria to be a safe place to shelter and easy access to weapons. In 2014 ISIS captured a large part of Iraq and invaded the eastern part of Syria. The Syrian Arab Republic (Asaad Government) & Free Syrian Army is fighting a separate battle against ISIS at the same time fighting against each other. The US deployed airstrikes on ISIS in Iraq to stop ISIS and to rescue Americans and other civilians held by ISIS militants.

Syrian Democratic Force:

Kurds are the part of Sunni Isalm who was been neglected from basic needs, cultural, economic and social rights for decades and suffered discrimination. The Syrian Democratic Force consists of Kurds, Arabs, and Turkish militias. People Protection Units is Kurdish militias in Syria which leads Syrian Democratic Force. At that time Asaad government gave citizenship to 2,00,000 Kurds in order to try and stop the Kurds opposition but Kurds neglected and demanded centralized Syria based on federalism. The Syrian Democratic Force also fought against ISIS.

Tahrir al-Sham:

The Tahrir al-Sham is a group that was formed a month ago, it has been said that it works for al-Qaeda but its leader denied that they don't work for any foreign body or organization. But some reports claim that goal of Tahrir al-Sham is to unite al-Qadea in one common banner and its truth is yet to be known.

The involvement of foreign countries:

The government of Syria gets arms from Russia and Iran. The Free Syrian Army gets military and political support from The United States, Britain, and France. They get trained in Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan. Though now The United States have directly started entering into the war zone with their troops and it has become a proxy war between Russia and United States. It is reported that Saudi Arabia & Qatar contributes financial support and offering refugee packages to the civilians.

The impact of the war:

Advanced weapons such as chemical bombs, cluster bombs, fuel-air bombs, anti-tank missiles and ballistic missiles have been used in the civil war so far which lead to a serious impact in Syria.Many people have lost their living standards and their families. It is estimated that about 4,70,000 people were killed and 19,00,000 peoples are injured. The rate of infectious disease such as measles, typhoid, hepatitis, tuberculosis, dysentery has been increased around the country. A total of 135,00,000 people have been migrated from Syria to other parts of the world. As of now, Syrian government holds 55.1% territory, Syrian Democratic Force holds 27.4% of the territory, 11.4% of the territory is under the control of Free Syrian Army, 6.1% of the territory area is with ISIS.